• Insufficient information or data on the actual impact of legal reform, and the extent to which it has accelerated the advancement of women and the enjoyment of their human rights.
  

• The persistence of patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes within the family and society-at-large, including for instance, the preference for male offspring.

• The under-representation of women in appointed public decision-making bodies, especially at the district and commune levels – this is despite new laws that have established a quota system for women’s representation, suggesting that obstacles to women’s participation in public life continue to exist.
  

• Lack of information and data on all forms of violence against women, on measures taken to combat it, on services provided to victims, and on prosecution and punishment of perpetrators.
  

• The persistence of trafficking in women and girls, and the exploitation of prostitution, both within the country and to other countries – the problem is compounded by low rates of prosecution and conviction of perpetrators; difficulties faced by victims when returning to Vietnam, such as lack of citizenship rights or inability to convey citizenship rights to their children born abroad; and rehabilitation measures that may stigmatize victims and deny them due process rights.
  

• Despite high levels of literacy in the country, a high proportion of girls still drop out of school, and girls in rural and remote areas lack full access to education.
  

• Insufficient information on women’s de facto situation in the formal and informal labour markets – high concentration of women in the informal sector, continued occupational segregation and wage gaps between men and women are also causes of concern.
  

• Women’s limited access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, a high rate of abortions, particularly among adolescent and young women, and a rise in HIV/AIDS infections among women.
  

• Different minimum legal age for marriage for women and men, and reports of underage marriages of girls.
  

• The situation of women in rural and remote areas, including the situation of ethnic minority women, who lack sufficient access to adequate health services, education and employment opportunities and credit facilities.
  

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